The Greater Good Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Greater Good - Essay ExampleLeaders take the superlative responsibility to warrant that the whole society benefits from their attractionship more than they benefit themselves.A good leader is the one who believes that leadinghiphip is an individual decision and sacrifice to dedicate their time, as well as their goose egg to bring benefits not to themselves, but to the needs of other people. The greatest problems in the society have been thrash by leaders who have been able to cause a greater good (Burnes, 2012). In doing this, they have been able to bring the society together to share in a common commitment, that is of good to either one. Leaders can achieve a greater good, by ensuring that they always put the needs of their chase first before their own needs. This means that even sometimes sacrificing their ambitions for the sake of the society.To harbor greater good, the leaders in any society have to practice ethical leadership. This is where the leaders are mindful of others rights and dignity. Since leaders have social power at their disposal, they always have to ensure that they use this power to process decisions that are beneficial to their followers (Hauser, 2012). such leaders usually have high level of integrity. Such leaders are always aware that their decisions have great impact to other people, they always ensure that their decision serve the greater good instead of their individual good. In doing this, the leaders ensure that they mold their followers positively by ensuring that their behaviors, as well as characteristics are an encouragement to their admirers. Their followers replicate the good behaviors of their leaders, something which have positive effect on the whole society.Leaders can also foster greater good by ensuring that they are servant leaders. This can be achieved by the leaders ensuring that they harken to the views of those that they lead, as well as being sincerer with them. This makes the people under them t o freely share their ideas as

Leadership Styles and TQM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership Styles and TQM - Essay ExampleTo pop with, it is important to understand these concepts. Chew (2010) defines leading styles as the approach and way in which direction be provided, people are motivated, and plans are implemented within a given geological formation or setting. Also, drawship styles can refer to how a psyche (a leader) plays his or her leadership role that is how he or she treats others, act finiss, and interacts with others (Northouse, 2011). In other words, leadership styles are about how a leader behaves, his/her experience, decisions, personality, actions, and philosophy. On the other hand, TQM is delineate as an approach that aims at improving performance and quality that exceed and meet the expectations of customers of the organization Rawlins (2010). fit in to Evans and Lindsay (2010), TQM refers to a management philosophy or approach that is integrated for constant improvement of the quality of processes and products of an organization. In r egard to leadership styles, there are several styles. However, most of these styles can be grouped into ternion major categories namely authoritarian or autocratic style, democratic or participative style, and delegative or free govern (Schein, 2010). In authoritarian style, every(prenominal) or nearly all the decision making processes and powers are change to the organizational leader there is very little or no contribution at all from the subordinates. Participative leadership involves participation of both the leader and subordinates in decision making the decisions are not nonreversible but rather collaborative (Schein, 2010). Lastly, a delegative or free rein style of leadership where the leader transfers responsibilities and authority to others who may often be the subordinates. It is based on the belief that a single person cannot do everything and has to set priorities and delegate certain tasks and subordinates are sometime free to decide their own methods and policies (Northouse, 2011). It is in addition crucial to understand TQM in details. Evans and Lindsay (2010) explain that TQM achieves its objective through integration of processes and all quality- related functions throughout the organization. According to Rawlins (2010), TQM is guided by a number of principles. These principles include customer focus, employee involvement, continuous improvement, executive management, decision making, organizational culture, methodology, and training. Rawlins also argues that TQM involves costs that are essential in yielding better results for the organization. They include mischance costs, appraisal costs, and prevention costs. It is in the light of the above that the relationship between leadership styles and TQM can be understood and be explained. Pauleen and Gorman (2011) observe that the deuce concepts are fundamentally different but related especially in regard to operations and management of an organization towards achieving the set goals and ob jectives. As noted from the above explanations of the two concepts, they differ in meaning and functions. However, they relate in a number of aspects. First, application of these aspects in the organization is aimed at achieving organizational goals and objectives (Ivancevich, 2011). Secondly, they are both functions of the organizations that are necessary for the proper

Enthusiasm and Ability to Motivate People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enthusiasm and Ability to Motivate People - Essay Example aspect back on the recent past, I find that my years in the U.S. as an undergraduate hold in had a profound impact on my thinking and my approach to life. I have been particularly afflicted by the contrast between the cultures of America and the Bahamas. While my heart will always bask in the warmth of the community life and the love of close-knit families back home, I am eternally gratifying for my exposure to the Great American Dream. The gift America has given me is the belief that change is possible and the federal agency that the power to bring about this change lies within the reach of every individual. My first love is people. From existence a Youth Leader in the church to throwing myself into my Sororitys community services, such as Meals on Wheels and workshops for children, I have learnt that there is nothing that can compare to the happiness which comes from having made a exacting difference, however small, in another persons life. I have also become increasingly aware of the chasms which separate people of different social and economic backgrounds and have witnessed the struggle of people variant to better their lives and failing only through the lack of opportunity, or the lack of education and awareness. I parcel out my basic strength to be my enthusiasm and ability to motivate people and push them into giving their best. I am passionate about immigration, human rights and, above all, the empowerment of women and children. I owe this legacy to my generate who, as a single parent and self-made entrepreneur in the Bahamas, pushed me and my three siblings to excel, to be autonomous and never ceased to emphasize the importance of education as the path to success.

Asthma and medicine management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Asthma and medicine management - Essay ExampleIt is a face of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) which is a long-term pulmonary disease characterized by increase air flow resistance. Other types of COPD include chronic bronchitis and emphysema. 2) Incidence of asthma and implications of this. There atomic number 18 an estimated 234.9 zillion plurality affected by Asthma worldwide of which 28.8 million atomic number 18 in Europe and about 5.4 million are in the U.K. Incidence of new cases occurs mostly in children. In England about 64,000 hospital admissions took infinite for asthma in 2008/09. Globally 287000 deaths occurred in 2004 and there were 1034 deaths in England and Wales receivable to asthma in 2008 (Ward, Toledano, Shaddick, Davies, & Elliot, 2012). (NICE, 2013). 3) What are the common signs and symptoms of asthma? Common symptoms are wheezing, breathlessness, tightness in the chest, and cough. These symptoms can be worse at night and in early morning. Th ey can arise after exercise, allergen exposure and cold air (Meerabeau & Wright, 2011). 4) Pathophysiology of asthma and relation to the case scenario. ... Mononuclear cell and eosinophill infiltration, mucus hyper-secretion, desquamation of epithelium, smooth muscle hyperplasia and airway remodeling (Morris & Mosenifar, 2013) are also characteristics of airway inflammation. Airflow obstruction Airflow obstruction results referable to changes taking place in the form of acute bronchoconstriction, airway edema, and chronic mucus plug formation, and airway remodeling. Acutebronchoconstriction occurs due to exposure to aeroallergens when immunoglobulin E-dependent mediator is released. The aeroallergen exposure which is the primary reason for the early asthmatic response causes edema in the external that occurs after 6-24 hours which is known as the late asthmatic response. Chronic mucus plug formation result take several weeks to subside as it contains exudates of serum proteins an d cell debris. Airway remodeling is so called because of structural changes occurring due chronic inflammation and can affect the reversibility of airway obstruction. Airway obstruction results in reduced airflow in and out of the respiratory system. This leads to lowered ability to expel air resulting in hyperinflation. The airway remodeling causes overdistension which helps keep open airway function and improve expiratory flow but overtime it alters pulmonary mechanics and increases cellular respiration modulation. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness Hyperinflation which is in response to airflow obstruction is however is short-lived due to tidal rule book approaching the volume of the pulmonary deadspace and the resultant is known as alveolar hypoventilation. It leads to ventilation-perfusion twin. The mismatch is also due to vasoconstriction as a result of alveolar hypoxia. Vasoconstriction is also an adaptive response to the above said mismatch (Morris &

Strategic Information Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Strategic Information Management - Essay theoretical accountThis essay discusses that for each governing, the strategic planning begins with clearly demarcated bangs. The mission of an organisation defines the fundamental purpose of the social club in the industry with respect to products or services it provides to the customers. It is the mission of an organisation which describes the cause for existence of the ships company in the mart. Furthermore, the mission statement also tells about the abilities by which organisations seek to compete in the grocery store and peruse success. On the other hand, strategies initiated by any organisation explain the limitations under which the company fecal matter conduct its employment operations. The strategies of organisations argon developed and implemented by management which describe the geographic restrictions, market operations, methods of conducting business and development of products or services. The mission of an organisation is translated in every deeds of organisation, and therefore the strategies are developed in such a way so that it can provide a cloth about accomplishing the mission. There is a direct relationship with adoption of any strategy and mission. Apart from the mission of an organisation, the business milieu on which the organisation operates its business also has direct relation with the adoption of strategy. The business environment levies several restrictions on an organisation and therefore has substantial impact on the possibilities and activities of organisation. Before underdeveloped a strategy, organisations need to identify the business environmental forces which can impact on the business. ... Numerous environmental aspects such as political, social, cultural, and competition among others have significant impacts on the strategies taken by organisation. It is significant for any organisation to understand purposes, scopes and objectives of business through mission statement , to recognise the internal and the external business environment and accordingly develop strategies which are consistent with the industry as well as the business. The following diagram will describe the relationship between strategy, organisational mission and business environment Source (Saleem, 2006). Strategic readiness Process A recognised strategic planning procedure has five basic steps which are illustrated in the following diagram Source (Hill & Jones, 2009). Formulate The Mission And Major Business Objectives The first microscope stage of strategic planning is creating the mission statement which delivers the outline or background within which the strategies will be framed. The mission statement of an organisation has four key components which are 1. Statement for cause of presence for an organisation in the industry 2. Statement of few anticipated future circumstances 3. Statement of crucial determine that the organisation will promise to the stakeholders and, 4. Sta tement of main objectives The mission will provide what an organisation is for, such as the mission statement of Kodak provides customers with the solutions they require to capture, save, and share images, or in other words, the presence of Kodak in the industry is to deliver solutions reading photos to the consumers. The mission of Kodak is customer centric which concentrates on fulfilling the photo requirements of customers (Hill &

Business Relocating to Third World Countries Pay Cheap Essay

Business Relocating to Third World Countries Pay Cheap - Essay Example(Vestring gutter et al, 2005) Source Bain & Company, 2005. Reasons on that point atomic number 18 several(prenominal) reasons attributing to this shift of both the service sector and the manufacturing factories to ternion globe countries. Apart from loud labour that is available, people in these countries have become a highly amend workforce in terms of manufacturing, R&D and engineering. Countries like India and China have succeeded in providing cheap labour while at the same time maintaining quality. Data shows that 77 global companies have impersonate shop in India. (Vestring Till et al, 2005) Cost of manufacturing in countries like Taiwan and Singapore is one twenty-five percent of the cost of manufacturing the same component in countries like Germany. Other reasons why some of these third valet countries attract off shoring of factories is that it enables these MNCs to expand market base. Having a ma nufacturing hub in Asia or Latin America helps them to cut transportation costs and engage in expanding business operations in these countries. Emerson for subject has put up shop in Asia and Mexico with its engineering and manufacturing being done at China, India and Philippines. Source Bain & Company, 2005 another(prenominal) major factor is the wide disparity in wages paid in the west and those in third world countries. A telephone line that would require 20-30 dollars/ hour to be paid in the West could be completed in about 1 dollar/hour in China. (Vestring Till et al, 2005) merciful right laws and adherence to such practices are also questionable in these countries. Severe lack of job opportunities, inflation and rising poverty indexes make employees work under harsh conditions without questioning authority. These have prompted obliging society to question whether this kind of manipulation and exploitation of... This report stresses that the ethics of companies off shoring factories to third world countries and managing their business by paying meagre salaries and violating several labour laws regarding minimum wages and working(a) hours are being debated constantly. It is true that to an extent the developed countries do not promote the growth of autochthonal industries as it would severely impact their business. Import duties in rich countries on a variety of goods are high which discourages third world countries in developing their own industry. This paper makes a conclusion that several multinational companies over the last decade have relocated their factories and businesses to third world countries. This to an extent has managed to promiscuous up the economy of these countries by generating employment and also creating foreign exchange. In the face of stiff tilt from emerging economies like China the concern of the business houses to look for cheaper avenues of manufacturing is true and needs to be considered. There are several examples of factories in third world countries running as per the stated labour laws of the fact nation but the number of companies doing it otherwise far exceeds those doing it ethically. It is therefore imperative that a fine remainder needs to be struck between these extremes since it ultimately boils down to the question of human dignity, basic rights of light wages, ethical business practices and whether you as a company or a consumer would want to be associated with a product that has been manufactured at the cost of anothers misery.

Why people behave the way they do Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why people be deliver the way they do - Assignment ExampleThe seed begins by highlighting the ferment that leaders have on the people they work with, mainly because their actions have influence on the output of an organization (Clawson, 2001). More so, the article is intended to provide an analysis of contrastive characters of people so as to offer a greater level of predictability for the people we work with. jibe to Clawson (2001), the attention and treatment that infants receive within their first six months of life have great influence on their somebodyalities. For instance, if the persons in charge of taking c ar of the immediate needs of such children are unable(predicate) of meeting them satisfactorily or on time, a child is likely to develop a ban personality. In such a case, the individual may grow up trying to fill a gap in their expectations that developed when they were not well attended to. On the new(prenominal) end, a person whose needs were actively and dutifull y met during this critical phase of their lives will develop warmer relations with other people, and this is likely to show strongly later in life, including at the work place. This view is shared by Kuppens (2009), who noted that personality differentiation and variability are direct products of the experiences one goes through from birth. Therefore, parts of our personalities are the product of how well we were attended to in our formative years.Various other factors contribute significantly to whom we suffer which is strongly reflected in what we do. For instance, genetic makeup identifies an individual to a specific lineage. Clawson (2001) noted that on overhaul of the physical characteristics we inherit, we also inherit bio-chemical balances and emotional tendencies. Emotional regulation (and dysregulation) is controlled by bio-chemical balance (for instance hormones) is what contributes to what we do, how we reply to others, and, by extension, how other people

Employment Law Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employment Law Issue - Essay ExampleSexual harassment usually involves males who are at higher positions and they harass their subordinate women in order to get sexual favors by threatening them of getting fired from the job. It is not only a form of unlawful employment disparity that is based on sex but also it violates title VII of the civil rights act 1964.If we reproof about harasser, we can say that at any specific workplace, the harasser and the dupe can be an employee, an employer, supervisor, a person from the management staff, and even the boss. Some cases of sexual harassment may involve such(prenominal) homosexual men who are at higher positions and they harass their subordinate heterosexual men in order to get sexual favors. Conte (2000) found that in some cases, the victims of sexual harassment make bursting charge to the higher officials regarding offenses and in some cases they dont want to expose the situation because of the society and the relatives. In such cas es, sexual harassment gets increased and the victim sometimes gets in more trouble sooner of coming out of the unwanted situation.The strategy which our companys manager has implemented regarding the prevention of sexual harassment involves privacy of the victim. If a case of sexual harassment occurs in our company, the victim writes the incident on a paper and submits it to the manager instead of telling him by words. Then the manager calls the offender and the victim in a separate room in order to settle down the issue and shorten the required action against the offender. It is the organizations responsibility to encourage staff to report incidents of sexual harassment by devising the process accessible to all and by being approachable and dealing allegations in a painful and confidential manner (Dawkins, 2007).At present, the management of the companies focuses on the privacy of the victim in order to

Bronislaw Malinowski's Importance to Cultural Anthropology Essay

Bronislaw Malinowskis Importance to Cultural Anthropology - Essay sampleIn the documentary videos related to Malinowski perused for this essay, wizard could see his powers of observation and synthesis. The rest of this essay will add up the importance of the man and his works to the field of cultural anthropology. Malinowskis ethnography of the Trobriand Islands made an immediate tint on anthropological circles. His description of the mutilateicialdom and hierarchy under Kula ring went on to become a cornerstone work in the realm of cultural anthropology. He paid particular attention to the unconscious process of reciprocity and exchange in social groups. A key to his success is his sense of adventure, which is a pre-requisite to anyone pertain in fieldwork. Along with Margaret Mead, Malinowski can be said to ready pioneered and mastered fieldwork for anthropological projects. The methods employed by him for fieldwork, including participatory observation, are now established a s fundamental to anthropological question. (Cravens, 2010, p.301) It is a type of Bronislaw Malinowskis scholarly fame that many eminent anthropologists from his next generation took his tutelage and guidance. These included Hortense Powdermaker, Meyer Fortes, Raymond Firth, etc. Firth, in particular, had gone on to write detailed treatises on Malinowskis works. Malinowskis legend continues to hold soused even today, though later evolution in anthropological thought has affected it a little. He has continued to be a great name in anthropology. But while his reputation as a superb field-worker has been maintained, his fame as a really great teacher in the Socratic custom has been allowed to fade, and his achievement in creating a new and enduring approach toanthropology has not been properly understood. Without him, the aridities of theKulturkreislehreand the fantasies of pan-Egyptianism would doubtless have in due course been corrected and overcome. But for the younger generation of anthropologists in Europe, at least, he fought that battle and won it by the end of the twenties. (Troy, 1998, p.129) Of all the contributions made by Malinowski, his ideas related to ethnographic research is the most well-known. He approached the study of social systems through solid methodology and theory. It is not surprise wherefore that one of the documentary films about his life and work is titled Off the Verandah, for he brought anthropology off the veranda and got knee-deep in fieldwork. In other words, the hands-on approach to studying cultural anthropology is one of his most valued contributions. He emphasized the importance of such detailed participant observation for reason distant cultures and social systems. He inspired a whole generation of anthropologists through these insightful and exalt lectures. After his appointment as a lecturer in Social Anthropology in 1922, he gave a series of short courses on such topics as Early Beliefs and Social Differentiation, S ocial presidency of Australian Aborigines, and Economics of Primitive Peoples. His seminar on Primitive Mentality ranks as equally important. His importance as a cultural anthropologist is further affirmed by the fact that he travelled far and all-inclusive in the European Continent giving lectures in Geneva, Vienna, Rome, Oslo, etc. His legacy and pre-eminence is registered by his appointment to

Making survery and interview questions for proposal Assignment

Making survery and converse questions for end - Assignment ExampleThe survey questions for both groups are presented below.It is expected that these questions will be able to seem out for most reasons behind broadcastment problems for international students. The results from these surveys can be used to piece together effective strategies to deal with international students placement problems.In order to deal with placement problems for international students, the example of the Career Center at UMD will be interviewed to discern the nature of obstacles causing the problems. The information extracted from this interview will enable the creation of strategies that would augment the hiring of international students who graduate from UMD. The sample questions for the interview are listed below.3. How would you place the responsibility of low placement figures for international students with the students themselves, the university, the economic circumstances or a combination of a ltogether these?It is expected that answers to these questions from the Representative of Career Center at UMD will yield much required keenness that would be required to solve the international student placement

Compare two poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Compare two poetry - Essay Exampleof another indispensable character, the loudspeaker systems tidings, Tichborne necessitates first person point of view for the narrating individual who is himself the central subject of the piece My hot flash of Youth is But a Frost of Cares.Through the work of Jonson, the reader is engaged into the grieving apprehension of a man whose first son yield to a seemingly untimely death which the paternity recounts in bitter yet fond memories of affection, expressing Farewell, thou child of my right hand, and joy. As the text progresses in monologue, it appears as though the man illustrates how he has been through suffering and pain with the child yet disrespect this, he exhibits remorse, stating My sin was too much hope of thee, lovd boy. One could be drawn to see a scenario of a liter anyy dying son whom the father chooses not to save for another not bad(p) cause or ground more essential than life. On exclaiming O, could I lose all(prenominal) f ather now the speaker acknowledges his own weakness and shortfall at being incapable of death penalty an act of salvation for his offspring. Eventually he seeks to be justified, nevertheless, upon rationalizing For why / Will Man lament the render he should envy? and this makes a smooth transition from the stage where he could have fully relished all guilt and put the burden on himself. To him, he would rather see a dead son than witness a child struggle with harsh realities of living when there is nothing he could do, be helpless for the loved one. It would be felt that no matter how difficult it is for the man to make the ratiocination of letting go, allowing his sons demise may be alternatively understood in the loose of an outstanding love that would never afford to have someone subject to prolonged exposure to misery.On the other hand, Tichborne employs a similar tone of loss and regret for the character in the elegy My blooming of Youth is But a Frost of Cares, this time however, the man speaks of himself and of his

Managerial accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managerial business relationship - Essay Examplempanies and the worlds top-5 accounting firms, arouse resulted in lawsuits and bankruptcies, as well as government return efforts, to the detriment of many investors and taxpayers. Some of these companies were formerly prestigious financial institutions with huge capital and with global perish such as Citigroup, JP Morgan, and AIG. This paper seeks to study this recent phenomenon with a view to identifying what would perhaps be a good long-term solution.The generally accepted accounting principles (generally accepted accounting principles) have been tagged as one of the perfect causes of the recent financial and banking crisis that originated in the United States and sent shock waves throughout the world. According to the Accounting Dictionary, the GAAP consists of standards, conventions, and rules accountants follow in recording and summarizing transactions, and in the preparation of financial statements. There is no central impr imatur that promulgates the rules of GAAP instead the Securities and Exchange Commission accepts and enforces the compiled issuances from FASB, AICPA, and other sources. The Accounting Principles Board (APB) of AICPA defines GAAP as include the conventions, rules, and procedures necessary to define accepted accounting practice at a particular time, and that the principles are derived from experiences and causality that have proved useful.(AICPA, 1970, cited in Wolk et al., 1997). Voluminous rules under GAAP have been issued over the years, and the complexity of these rules which have not been consistently organized around fixed and commonly agreed principles have not change magnitude our understanding of financial reports. In fact, they have fostered a lack of clarity and transparency.Although the GAAP are intentional for the preparation of financial statements for external users, internal decision makers also use them for various purposes including decisions regarding promotion s and year-end bonuses to its executives. perplexity has some leeways to impact

Analysis of the Macro Environment of Barcelona Football Club Essay

digest of the Macro Environment of Barcelona Football unify - Essay ExampleThe main objective of Nunez as the president of the baseball club was to make Barcelona as inaugural club. To accomplish this goal, Nunez gave the club stability on the pitch and off the pitch. He had some strict attitudes in himself as the president of the club that intensely affected the image of the club. He held to a stringent indemnity regarding wages and discipline of the players and the groups support staffs that actually helped the club to achieve its conquest. He did not meet demands of players like Maradona, Romario and Ronaldo for the sake of the club. During his duration, UEFA Cup Winners Cup, Copa del Rey Cup, European Super Cup and many more. His presidency lasted for 22 years as resigned in 2000 after the loss to Real Madrid in the champions League (Hamil, Walters & Watson, 2010, pp. 477-480). PESTEL Analysis of Nunezs while The PESTEL analysis discusses the Political factors, Economic factors, Social factors, Technological factors, Environmental factors and Legal Factors. During the sequence of Nunez, all these factors led to remarkable changes. This paper discusses on the political and the economic factors. By the start of the age of Nunez, the club and the country came out of the rule of the fascist dictator General Franco (Vincent, 2007, p. 93). He deteriorated the membership illustration of ownership at the club, reduced club members rights and eroded the majority rule within the club statutes. Apart from this the stage of government intervention was very low during Nunezs presidency due to Spains transition to democracy (Casals, 2011, p. 112). During his era, there was a lack of transparency regarding the choice of assembly members. During the Nunez era, the emphasis was on the maximization of the clubs economic potential. There was a lack of transparency regarding the accounting procedure, setting and monitoring of the yearly budget. The economic situat ion of the club was not satisfactory during this era. And this led the club to face almost the difficulty of bankruptcy at the end of 2003 (Hamil, Walters & Watson, 2010, pp. 477-480) (see Table 1 in the Appendix). The era since Joan La Porta (2003-present) The era of Joan La Porta (2003-2010) Politically and economically weak situation of the FCB was recovered in the era of Joan La Porta. He opposed the former president Nunez and elected as the president of the club on June 15, 2003 (History of FC Barcelona, 2011). And his era lasts to June 30, 2010 (History of FC Barcelona, 2011). He was the most victorious president in terms of prizes won by the club. During his era the reach of Frank Rijkaard, as the manager of the club and Ronaldinho, as the superstar footballer of the club led to the success of the club. The new style of his management of eventually helped the club to achieve an unbelievable success. His initial era as the president did not start with success. During the sta rting season of his presidency, the club could not manage to win a single trophy. But he requested players and fans to have faith on the team management and the team ultimately started playing fantastic and fascinating football after the signing of some of the greatest domestic, much(prenominal) as Puyol, Xavi, Valdes, Presas etc. and international footballers, such as Deco, Etoo, Edmilson etc. His era also underwent from some of criticisms too. several(prenominal) of the members of his team management thought that he always tried to use his

Business 499 The Customer Perspective card slp 01 Essay

Business 499 The Customer Perspective scorecard slp 01 - Essay ExampleAccording to a source, Wal-Mart envisions itself to be surveil the worldwide leader in retailing (University of Wisconsin - Stout). This line of reasoning basically describes in broad sense what the organization wants itself to be in future.Wal-Mart has a very comical style of expanding its stores. This is basically their strategy of being on top. It starts with building one or two stores in an area. Once this venture is successful, it constructs a distribution centre near to the stores which allow for help in refinement of Wal-Mart in those areas in future. Next, more stores are built nearby the distribution centre. An other(a) strategy of Wal-Mart is its care procedure. Their workers are called associates and these associates along with the management set up goals for themselves. This incr rest periods the motivation of the employees to strive and achieve those goals. Other strategies include paying attent ion to the society and customers in particular. Wal-Mart, as mentioned above, is a very customer oriented organization. It makes the customers finger special and by indulging in activities such as education and conversation of natural resources for generations to come makes, it makes the society feel that it is responsible (Walmart Stores, 2008).The first objective of Wal-Mart is opening more stores in United States and other countries it operates in (Walmart Stores, 2008). It is evident that this objective is in line with the mission, vision and strategy of the organization. More stores will ease the customers and will help customers live better which is one component of Wal-Marts Mission statement. Next, this objective will also help it fulfill its vision of becoming the leading retailing store and lastly, this objective concentrates towards elaborateness hence, it aligns with the companys strategy.The second objective is to provide the best prices (University of Wisconsin Stou t, 2008). This clearly relates to the mission statement as

US CEO's pay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

US chief operating officers pay - Essay ExampleSince the mid-1970s, for around 40 years, the pay of top executives rose at a modest rate. However, executive compensation started barb up tremendously in 1980 and this pace even accelerated in 1990s. Notwithstanding dipping in the inventorying in the early 2000s, the CEOs, the CEOs package has continued shooting higher. An average CEO of a large company in the US earned around 24 times the compensation of a typical worker. (Jacob and Paul, 2010)In the mid-1980s, at the time of the economic boom, US executives were being paid the virtually lucrative salaries in history and this continued even during recession in 1990s. This was perceived as unfair to both laid off employees and stockholders. (www.findarticles.com)Up to 2003, the American headway Executives average compensation rose by a factor of about six in Americas top five coulomb companies. Their average pay reached around eleven million per year inclusive of the value of th e options. This is not like to CEOs pay in any country. For example, Swedish Chief Executives received roughly a quarter of their American counter parts. In 2007, the CEOs pay accelerated towards three c times that of a typical worker. Executives of top companies made more than twelve million US dollar bill in that year. (Tyler, 2006)Scholars Xavier Gabaix of Massachussetts University and Augistin Landier of the stern school of business argue that American executives are not overpaid. They suggest that append in the value of stock market largely explains the high packages of Chief Executive officers.This argument is simple. It suggests that more economic value is created by better executive decisions. If the number of good executives is less than the number of prominent companies, the value of the executive talent will be pushed up by competitive bidding. Thus, the value of Chief executive officers compensation packages results from competitive

Sense and Sensability Essay Example for Free

mind and Sensability EssayAbstract In this essay I discuss Jane Austens use of both classic and predisposition writing styles, in attempt to define whether Sense and feeling is more a product of the 18th or nineteenthh century. afterwards much research and deliberation I have discovered that as Austen utilizes the sisters to express both alkalis of neoclassicism and susceptibility that the novel is holds equ onlyy to both the 18th and the nineteenth century. 1. Critic Lionel Murphy said that Sense and Sensibility forms a bridge between the neoclassicism of the Augustan Age and the Age of Sensibility, or the Romantic Age. Written on the cusp of the 19th Century, is Sense and Sensibility more a product of the 18th or 19th Century?Discuss. Novels of the 18th century featured neoclassical, rationalistic writing, however from the late 18th century and into the 19th century, sensibility was a popular writing feature for novelists. Jane Austens Sense and Sensibility features bo th sensibility and neoclassical themes as Austen uses a subtle balance and proportion of the issues she wishes to address ab kayoed society and the mien she incorporates her characters and their stories to have equal justification.The Augustan age is defined by the Oxford side Dictionary as, relating to or denoting 17th- and 18th-century English literature of a style considered refined and classical. Whereas, Sensibility is defined by the Encyclopedia Britannica as a conception of the term held by Jane Austens contemporaries, it is a nice and delicate perception of pleasure or pain, beauty or deformity. It is very nearly allied to taste and as far as it is infixed seems to depend upon the organization of the nervous system. The differences between the styles is clearly evident, however it was not uncommon for 18th century, neoclassical writers to utilize both styles in their work (Macfarlane 2007). This was common as, sensibility was steerd by literary account statement as a ph ase that transitioned between the decline of neoclassical reason and into the eruption of romantic mental imagery (Keymer Mee 2004). Sensibility rejects the ideals of neoclassical determine on correct judgement and restraint and heavily emphasizes the value of instinct, feelings and erudition (Pike).The reputation of the 18th century literature has never quite recovered from its embarrassing association with unlimited and extravagant horny displays. It was not just distaste for the fading fashion of sensibility, but often because it was an inherently un steadfast style of writing (Keymer Mee 2004). Sensibility arose out of the opposition to rationalism and neoclassicism of the Augustan age which held the deepest feelings of the roundbodys morals (Pike, 2013).The unstable nature of sensibility came from its anti-rationalism that focused on aroused reactions, for utilisation tears, swoons, fainting, prevail mood of melancholy, fragmentation of form and set piece scenes of v irtue and distress that appear throughout the sensibility period (Keymer Mee 2004). Womens voices were cemented in 19th century literary history through their increasing popularity from the twentieth century onwards, (Shattock 2010).The literature produced by the women of the 19th century supply an image of personal tragedy and poor that became the theme of their work. The theme of personal tragedy and suffering was familiar to the characteristic tendency of these women as it was relatable to the phlight of womens rights but also due to the popularity of sensibility (Harris 2005). Austen had clear statements to make about individual conduct as sanitary as the structure of society and the relation of one to another (McMaster, 1970).Austens interested in the virtues and the vices is evident throughout Sense and Sensibilty as the imperfections of the personalities of Elinor and Mariannes characters (McMaster, 1970). Marianne expressive nature frequently, a clear example of sensibili ty, the reader often sees Marianne extremely emotional responses to the situations she finds herself in, She was awake the whole night, and she wept the greatest part of it.She got up with a headache, was unable to talk, and unwilling to take any nourishment voicing pain every moment to her generate and sisters, and forbidding all attempt at consolation from either. Her sensibility was potent enough (81). Spectators and readers be regain to the exclamation becoming declamation, grief modulating in self-pity stoicism (Keymer Mee, 2004). Austen utilizes Marianne to emphasize the theme of sensibility throughout Sense and Sensibility. This is apparent as it is repeatedly expressed by Austen through Marianne Dashwood who feels deeply and suffers cutely, it is evident her sensibility is genuine, (Mcmaster, 1970), In such moments of precious, of invaluable misery, she rejoiced in tears of agony to be at Cleveland and as she returned by a different circuit to the house, feeling all th e happy privilege of country liberty, of wandering from place to place in free and luxurious solitude, she resolved to spend almost every hour of every solar day while she remained with the Palmers, in the indulgence of solitary rambles.The conception that sensibility maintains extravagant emotions that may in some ways appear artificial or overacted, is evident as there is something synthetic about her shrill feelings that deliberately augments them only the artificial additions to her emotions, this is evident as she repeatedly plays Willoughbys favourite songs when he leaves and when she takes to expiration on long walks in the gloomy weather (Mcmaster, 1970).Marianne sees everything through her own subjectivity, On the contrary, nothing coffin nail be a stronger proof of it, Elinor for if there had been any real impropriety in what I did, I should have been sensible of it at the time, for we always know when we are acting wrong, and with such a assent I could have had no pl easure. (13. 19) Her inability to see things from a more realistic view over again emphasizes Mariannes role in constituteing Austens use of sensibility, her total concern is with her own emotional needs and actions a clear example of sensibility.Neoclassicism was witness to many extraordinary writings about all kinds of mans ability to think, feel and postulate. Building on the critical thoughts of the 17th century, English philosophers, writers, clerics and artists produced a massive body of literary works. These works were concerned with taking original works and creatively criticizing them (Macfarlane 2007). Neoclassicism was a part of the Augustan age, in literature, Augustans expressed the distrust they felt for the imagination, as well as individualism, innovation and emotional freedom (Pike 2013).Characters of the Augustan age often retained features such as, clarity, propriety, order, refinement and good sense, all features are evident in Elinor Dashwoods character (Pike , 2013). Elinor appears to be the more quiet of the two sisters as she uses acute observation of what is happening around her and through this is able to find out more about people and their feelings (McMaster, 1970). We are shown Marianne has much learning o do and reverse her values, the values that her emotional needs have created do it is not really the be all and end all, that Elinor and Edward are phugmatic and that men over thirty can feel. This is in contrast to Elinor, who only has to reproach herself once as she has been overconfident that Marianne will recover from her illness rapidly (McMaster 1970). Austen uses this to emphasize Elinors maturity and responsibility and show Mariannes more childish and emotional nature.Austen uses Elinor to express the neoclassical and Augustan themes of the novel, this is evident when she is deliberating over her love for Edward and decides he has the correct qualities, I have seen a great deal of him, have studied his sentiments and perceive his opinion on subjects of literature and taste and, upon the whole, I venture to pronounce that his mind is well-informed, his enjoyment of books super great, his imagination lively, his observation just and correct, and his taste delicate and pure. It is difficult for Austen to show Elinors neoclassical emotional control, without suggesting her feelings are weaker than Marianne, who appears to maintain free expression and vivid immediate reaction. However readers are able to await into Elinor understanding due to Austens narration which shows that there is more in her in showing the reticent love between her and Eduard Femars, Austen manages to an occasion convey intense feeling humorously through the narration of probable trivia.This is seen their reunion scene in which Edward toys with the scissors while he blurts out news of his freedom Elinors heart is not empty we find her head is certainly far more active (McMaster, 1970). both(prenominal) of the sisters are af fected by romantic love but unlike Marianne, Elinor does not inhibit her sisters affectionateness or feel the rejections so obsessively to the verge of self-destruction (Keymer Mee 2004). Elinors more emotionally stable standing allows her to be endorsed in preference to Marrianes senseibility (McMaster 1970).Austen has clearly portrayed the sisters as each theme Marianne Dashwood has a personality that is evidently themed to be part of the sensibility movement, whereas Elinor retains herself in a way that appears neoclassical. therefrom it does not seem that Austens novel, Sense and Sensibility is based in 18th century or in the 19th century as Austen utilizes both neoclassicism and sensibility throughout the novel.

The rule system Essay Example for Free

The rule system EssayLooking beyond the biological argument the hand carries on through two propositions of how children acquire and produce grammar iodin and dual way theory (M beschall et al. 2006).Childrens inflectional morphology follows a curved practice which begins with correct application of outer layers for example adding ed at the end of a intelligence information indicates the former(prenominal) stress. Inflections then become disrupted as grammatical rules are over generalised producing common errors such(prenominal) as goed.With experience children then seem able to collapse perpetual and irregular forms of various tenses with ease. This pattern of development is called the U-shape (Plunkett and Wood, 2006). A conventional number for this process is that infants scarce memorise the correct formation and as they discover grammatical rules they over apply them creating mistakes, then as the rules become more robust they eliminate the over-regularisations an d adopt the correct format for nouns and verbs (Plunkett and Wood, 2006)The competing theories differ in their account of how the memorisation and inflection process leads to the U-shape pattern of development (Plunkett and Wood, 2006).Dual route theory has traditionally been associated with nativists such as Pinker (1988). The theory suggests that there is a memory system working in conjunction with a rule system. These two cognitive systems are activated when an individual attempt to inflect a word (Plunkett and Wood, 2006).The memory system, which they suggest keeps a record of all the irregular and most common inflections (Plunkett and Wood, 2006 p.182) is firstly consulted in an attempt to recoup the appropriate formation. The rule system, which uses common rules of language to add endings to word stems, is simultaneously consulted to ph unity the appropriate ending. Should the memory system be successful in its search the rule system is prevented from feat (Plunkett and Woo d, 2006).The dual route theory explains the U-shape as a result of the memory system failing to retrieve the correct inflection and thus liberating the rule system producing an over-regularisation. With experience rare inflections are then grumous producing fewer errors.The empiricist version lies with the single route theory which is supported by connectionist toughies who developed the same U-shape pattern of development and also learned plural inflections before past tense inflections (Plunkett and Wood, 2006, p.184) as infants do.The theory holds that regular and irregular inflections are produced by a single system that stores all of the inflections in the language (Plunkett and Wood, 2006, p.183). Whilst connectionist networks faecal matter only serve as an indication of how crediblea theory is and not how such a process might occur, it is nevertheless a well-behaved reinforcement.Single route theory proposes that the higher the metrical composition of inflections are sto red in the memory the more intense the competition gets for memory spaceresulting in what is cognise as the interference effect. This effect results in talking to with similar phonological sounds being confused.An different connectionist model produced by Rumelhart and McClelland (1987) lent support to this theory. The first few verbs fed into the network were successfully conjugated tho as more were introduced so the competition for network resources intensified and resulted in over-regularisation. Then through get along training irregular verbs became engraved and mistakes diminished (Plunkett and Wood, 2006).Other empiricists such as Marchman (1997) have produced distinguish that favours single route theory by carrying out research that supports the prediction of which type of errors children are likely to produce. Marchman make that irregular verbs with many enemies were more likely to have add/ed/ wrongly used as their past tense form than verbs that had few regular verb enemies also irregular verbs that had highly frequent past tense forms were less likely to be given the regular past tense endings than those verbs whose past tense form was rare (Plunkett and Wood, 2006, p.187), this adheres to the single route theory.Further support has been produced by cross-linguistic researches. Dual route theory serves as an efficient means for highly regular languages such as English. However for other languages such as German this is not the case nor is it valid for any language that has multiple slipway of forming a tense.Chomskys Universal Grammar theory was challenged by Tomasello (2000) who suggested a distri preciselyional explanation for childrens understanding of syntax. His approach places verbs in a prominent position as they place important constraints on utterances (Plunkett and Wood, 2006). Rather than memorising all utterances Tomasello suggests simile a partial remembrance of some utterances that are later adapted as prototypes for new utter ances (Plunkett and Wood, 2006). earlyish diary studies support this view. Brain (1963) made observations on his son through this early technique and discover that some words, which he called Pivot words only occurred in one position whilst Open words moved around freely. During the process of learning syntax, pockets of knowledge are formed these then broaden allowing one another to influence each other creating grammatical regularities.According to the distributional approach the explanation for retrieve from over-generalisation is that as the pockets of knowledge become more robust they develop an ability to isolate which in acidulate reduces errors that may of occurred through either the inappropriate extension of a pocket of grammatical knowledge or an attempt to resolve conflict between pockets of grammatical knowledge (Plunkett and Wood, 2006, p.196).Researchers such as Fodor and Karmiloff-Smith were a good representation of opposing views on brain modules. On balance the empirical demonstration supports the epigenetic view of modularisation a process by which genes and the environment work together to create self organisation (Karmiloff-Smith, 1992). Neuroscience further supports a view in between nativists and empiricist, whilst they are able to produce evidence that the brain is capable of keep language in other areas it isunmistakable that damage to left hemisphere (the seat of language) can badly effect language development.How children acquire and produce grammar is debatedthrough single and dual route theory. Empirical evidence has given greater support to the single route theory which does not deny elements of nature but also incorporates leaven. Connectionist networks are becoming a common method to test theories and have been used to lend support to many language theories such as the distributional approach.Children through out the world ineluctably learn their mother tongue whether it be by speech or sign (Karmiloff-Smith, 2002). What is substantive is whether this is delinquent solely to operant conditioning of caregivers or to an innate principle of universal grammar. In view of the evidence presented in this paper it seems implausible that language can develop without the presence of both nature and nurture as Bruner (1983) conveys we shall make little progress if we adhere either to the impossible account of extreme charlatanism or to the miraculous one of pure nativism. (Bruner 1983, P. 10).

Plato&Socrates Excellence in Virtue Essay Example for Free

PlatoSocrates Excellence in Virtue hearSocrates positive influence touches us in time today ( may 6) and we eject learn a great deal ab f only out him from wholeness of his students, Plato. It is in Platos authorship of Socrates visitation a tap entitled, Apology, and a friends visit to his jail cell temporary hookup he is awaiting his death in Crito, that we discover a globe like no other(a)wise. Socrates was a man following a path he felt that the perfections had wanted him to follow and made no excuses for his bread and preciselyter and they way he lived it. The rush I have elect from Platos Apology is the main going to which Socrates seed in until his death and gave the basis for his biography and they way he chose to live his keep. It is this passage that makes clear e truly last(predicate) of Platos composings and by chance why even in living his deliver emotional state he chose emulate and follow Socrates and ultimately became iodin of his better -kn hold students. To prove this, the written report is organized into four seg custodyts. In the first section, I leave alone hold back the key passage, along with almost textual context to give background details.In the second section, I go forth provide some relevant biographical/historic information about(predicate) the author and the time period for when the text was written. In the third section, I pass on provide a detailed analysis stand foring and arguments of my key passage and in the fourth section I will explain the meaning of three passages that support the key passage of the paper. However, in front we bath move whatsoever further into this process, I will present my key passage on which this paper is based. key passage.As long as I have breath and strength I will non give up philosophy and exhorting you and declaring the truth to e precise one of you whom I meet, saying as I am accustomed, My ripe(p) friend, you are a citizen of Athens, a city which is very great and very famous for its wisdom and power-are you non ashamed of caring so much for the making of money and for fame and prestige, when you neither cerebrate nor care about your wisdom and truth and the amelioratement of your soul? If he disputes my words and says that he does care about these things I sh exclusively non at one time release him and go away I sh altogether question him and cross-examine him and test him. If I think that he has not attained harmlessness, though he says that he has, I shall reproach him for undervaluing the approximately valuable things, and overvaluing those things that are less valuable. This I shall do to everyone whom I meet, untried or old, citizen or stranger, but especially to citizens, since they are more closely related to me. This, you must recognize, the god has commanded me to do.And I think that no greater good has ever befallen you in the state than my service to the god. For I spend my whole life in going about and pers uading you all to give your first and superior care to the improvement of your souls, and not till you have done that to think of your bodies or your wealth. And I advertise you that wealth does not bring excellence, but that wealth and every other good thing which men have, whether in public or in private, come from excellence. (Baird Kaufmann 29-30).In this passage Socrates is our declaimer and he is presenting his defence against the charges that have been brought against him by Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon. The charges they have brought against Socrates are for corrupting the youth and worshipping gods other than the ones all other Athenians worship at that time in antediluvian patriarch Greece. This passage is one of many time that Socrates brings to light the occurrence that what he has been doing by going or so questioning population about their beliefs is commanded by the gods and that he should not be put to death for doing what has been asked of him.Socrates pre sents many times that what he is doing in trying to get people to not just question what they count, but to work on the improvement of their souls. He believes and so states in the passage that wealth and fame do not bring excellence to a persons life, but you become a better person first by improving your soul and that is actually where excellence can be gear up. Once a person has done this then they can concern themselves with other matters. Stating that you first turn your attention in state of ward and then outward to the larger society could sum up the general message of Socrates.While he does not explicitly say this one could reasonably transform from Socrates defense that he believes the reason for the charges that have been brought up against him are due to a lack of sympathy by the Athenian public of his mission and purpose as well as the authority he has to do it. This is what he is take oning to do in this passage, explain what he has been doing and that the god of al l Athenians commanded him to do this work and that he has done nothing wrong. historical/biographical information.Though Socrates ran no formal school, one can attain in any number of books on Plato, that he was a student of Socrates in Ancient Greece. According to Baird and Kaufmann Plato probably first began following Socrates sometimes in his twenties, though one cannot be authorized of the exact date (4). The Apology, along with Crito, are just a number of texts written by Plato on the teachings and beliefs held by Socrates. The Apology is generally regarded as one of Platos first and as eminently trusty to what Socrates said at his trial on charges of impiety and corruption of the youth (Baird Kaufmann 5).The time of Socrates trial was around 399 B. C. in Athens, Greece and many contemporary scholars maintain that Platos Apology was writing within the first twain to three years following Socrates trial and execution (Brick digest Smith 1). The charges against Socrates wer e corruption of the youth and worshipping some other god rather than the ones comm whole held to be believed in by other Athenians. It is important to note as reported by Brickhouse and Smith that, Athens had only just concluded the Peloponnesian War.The effects of the war had been disastrous on her economy f fulfills blamed each other for her defeats, and suspicion and power-mongering were rife (19). By this very fact they were looking for someone to blame for their problems and Socrates was an excellent choice. It should come as no surprise that Athenians looked for the vicious among thinkers like Socrates. After all, by their very nature and regardless of their particular persuasions, such intellectual scrap established wisdom and tradition (Brickhouse Smith 19).Then the charges brought against Socrates and his trial were a course of action that the Athenians could confabulate nothing wrong with at that time. Socrates was definitely a man before his time. Socrates was placed on trial for the questioning he did of others because he was pushing people in their long-held beliefs, which probably gave rise to fear. Even though Socrates felt justified in his actions many did not hold that corresponding theory. In fact, May states, most people would be quite irritated if someone criticized their moral beliefs.Imagine conversing with someone who continually pointed out the weakness in your beliefs (5). There are very few people that when pushed into why they believe what they do can generally come up with a concrete answer as to why they believe that way. In my opinion, much of what people believe in is based on tradition either from your own family or culturally and many times occurs as a combination of both. Platos dialogues are perhaps a fair representation of Socrates teachings however, he does not give a consistent portrait of Socrates (May 20).May goes onto say that character Socrates is portrayed differently in some of Platos dialogues because in some o f them. Plato is writing in order to chronicle the historical Socrates, whereas in others, Plato uses the character Socrates as a mouthpiece of his own philosophical position (20). Although Plato originally started to write his dialogues in order to chronicle the historical Socrates, he last started to write dialogues that were devoted to Platos actual philosophical views (20).It was this writing that caused Plato to formulate his own views in an attempt to answer some of the questions that Socrates had posed along the way (May 20). Regardless of which Socrates is speaking the message however is the same in that excellence can be found in sexual morality over any other thing a person may possess. In amplification, Socrates did not do any writing himself so all we have to go on is what Plato presented to us in his various texts. anaylsis In this passage, Socrates is telling the Athenian jury that he is innocent on the charges brought against him and why he is innocent.This passage is of extreme importance of concord and interpreting Platos writings because it is a theme that is repeated throughout his works. Our character Socrates feels that people should be more concerned with the perfecting their souls more than anything else in their life. He believes that in his quest to help people find their way he is actually doing as the gods dictated. Socrates also states that the only reason his is wise is because he knows that the only thing he does know is that he does not know anything worth knowing (Brickhouse Smith 129).In fact he so states in his defense when he says I am wiser than this man neither one of knows anything that is really worth knowing, but he thinks that he has knowledge when he has not, epoch I, having no knowledge, do no think that I have, I seem, at any rate, to be a smaller wiser than he is on this point I do not know what I do not know (Baird Kaufmann 24). Socrates believes that it is really the gods that are wise and mans do not pos sess any wisdom.He believes that the best a human can do is to work on improving their souls and it is through this action that a person can achieve a life of excellence. In fact, in a subsequently section of the Apology, Socrates even states, an unexamined life is not worth living (Baird Kaufmann 34). That statement speaks to the true nature of Platos writings and how he wanted to impress upon others to live a better life. May even supports this opinion when she states, Socrates claims that the meaning of Apollos oracle that humans cannot possess wisdom.Remember, Socrates does not believe that even he possesses wisdom, as he believes that real wisdom is the property of God (44). While taking into account the turbulent times of Athens one could easily understand why that anyone questioning the establishment would gain much glory and attention. While repeatedly Plato reports that Socrates felt he was doing gods work others were not as easily persuaded. Change is neer welcomed by a society, because change means the known is questioned and people are stretched in ways they had not anticipated. single can find numerous examples of this throughout time ranging from slaves being released to live as renounce men, the flight of Kitty Hawk, Hitler, and even as recent as the presidential race of 2008 which was highlighted by back up reports that Barak Obama was a terrorist. All of these things created change in the world around them and opened up countless avenues to others while many people stayed behind too scared to move forward. Reeve states that, Socrates presents himself as someone who questions others in the matters of justice and who examines or refutes them by mean of an elenchus when they have answered inadequately. (x) An elenchus is Socrates characteristic method of dubiousness and refutation some might consider it badgering (Reeve x). He also presents himself as a servant of Apollo whose mission has been divinely inspired and it is not simply to qu estion people. But to get them to care about sexual abstention and their psyches their souls higher up everything else. (Reeve x) Even in his later work of the Crito, in which Crito comes to visit Socrates in prison offering him a chance to bunk, Plato does not have Socrates change his beliefs and outflow to a foreign land.In the Apology, Socrates claims that a human being has only one thing to consider namely whether one is acting rightly or wrongly (28c). This is repeated in the Crito when Socrates states that his duty to consider just one question, whether it would be right to break out or wrong (May 78). As he pass overs to examine the option before him Socrates cannot come up with any reason why it would be right for him to escape and that to do would be morally wrong and go against everything he has stood for his inbuilt life. The selfish action of escaping would have disastrous results and wipe out years of Socrates work.One can easily see how Plato has carried the message of Socrates throughout his writing and used it to his benefit. In order to be considered wise by Plato, a person needs to examine their beliefs and knowledge to better their soul before any other task is undertaken. It is this that will last far longer than any wealth, power, property or prestige that is attained. Because as Socrates says I spend my whole life in going about and persuading you all to give your first and greatest care to the improvement of your souls, and not till you have done that to think of your bodies or your wealth (Baird Kaufmann 30). supporting passages.This is the first of three passages that supports the fact that the passage quoted at the beginning of this paper and ultimately makes clear all of Platos writings and gives further insight into Socrates life. But then I again proved, not by mere words but by my actions, that, if I may speak bluntly, I do no care a straw for death but that I do care very much indeed about not doing anything unjust or impious. That presidential term and all its power did not terrify me into doing anything unjust (Baird Kaufmann 31).This passage comes from Apology shortly after the key passage in which Socrates is defending himself against the charges of corrupting the youth and worshiping false gods. In this passage he is telling how that when say by the government to bring Leon the Salaminian to them so that they might put him to death he chose to live by his values even though he was defying the government. He goes onto to explain that it is a persons actions that mean more than the mere words they utter.He states how that even in the face of death he chose not to anything unjust or impious, but to live according to the gods decree for his life. He goes on to say that if the government of The Thirty had stayed in power he would have certainly been put to death, but he did not care one way or another. He is saying in no uncertain wrong that he will not be coerced or bullied into doing anythi ng that goes against the will of god. The position that he takes shows that he is obstinate and a man who is true to his word and that even if this current group of Athenians puts him to death he will not fight them unnecessarily.This passage relates to the key passage by showing that by following ones beliefs and doing what is right and just helps to lead a person closer to excellence in justice and to living a better life. The second passage also appears in the Apology and comes after Socrates has been found guilty by the Athenians of the crimes of which he was accused and now is speaking about what a suitable punishment might be for him.And if I tell you that no greater good can happen to a man than to discuss human excellence every day and the other matters about which you have hear me arguing and examining myself and others and that an unexamined life is not worth living, then you will believe me still less (Baird Kaufmann 34) Plato is once again writing in reference to the first idea presented by Socrates that in order to be great people should first improve their inner self and not worry about things removed of themselves until they have reached that point.It is only by doing this that a person can achieve an excellence in their virtue far greater than any actual possession or status one may achieve.Socrates is again stating that he has only been doing what the gods have asked of him and that he has been attempting to impress upon others the importance of personal virtue rather than material gain. He is again stating how he personally did that and was only attempting to get others to see the world as he saw it. In fact, Socrates believes that death is not justice in his case, but since he has lived his life as a pauper that he should be sentenced to life in the prytaneum, which is the town hall of Ancient Greece used to house distinguished visitors and guests (Dictionary.com).He states in there he would be forced to live a life in complete opposite of what he has known since it would be rich and lavish and in addition he would receive three full meals a day. This according to Socrates is the polar opposite of the way he has been living and would actually be a punishment to him since it goes against what he has been doing. This passage relates to the key passage by not only re-stating what was said previously, but provides further evidence that Socrates was committed to the cause of excellence even after he was sentenced to death.This third passage comes from Platos Crito when Socrates friend Crito visits him in prison. Are we to start our inquiry from the premise that it is never right either to act unjustly or to repay injustice with injustice to avenge ourselves on any man who harms us, by harming him in return? Or do you protest with me and dissent from my premise? I myself believed in it for a long time and I still believe in it. (Baird Kaufmann 43) Crito actually bribes a guard in order to be allowed into Socrates pr ison cell and Socrates is not at all pleased by that action because it is an unjust act.The purpose of his visit is to convince Socrates to escape and continue to live a desolate man. Crito informs him that many people are willing to help him escape and continue his work of helping others in another country where he will be free from the narrow-mindedness of the Athenians who have sentenced him to death. While many people would jump at an opportunity to escape and continue to live their lives, even if it meant being a fugitive, Socrates refuses. But here again we see that Socrates is adamant about his position.In the above passage he states that it is wrong to escape because it would mean going against everything for which he has stood and argued for his entire life. He feels that it would a mistake to escape and repay an injustice with an injustice there is no virtue in that action. He believes even as his death nears that what he has stood for looking for excellence in virtue and by becoming a better person by looking inward first to improve the soul, that he is correct and nothing will veer him off his course.This passage ties to the key passage by showing how through his actions Socrates believed that living justly and rightly were more important than living a life where a person would simply exist because they were following the dictates of others and not living, as they truly believed. conclusion In conclusion, the key passage from Platos Apology that I have discussed here is the critical point of all his writings. In the key passage as well as the three supporting passages I discussed one can see how living a life of excellence as found through virtuous actions was the central theme throughout his writings.One can easily see why Plato would have chosen to be a student of Socrates and spend a great deal of his writing career recalling the events of Socrates life and death. At the time of his writings and Socrates death, Athens was in need of a good and moral booster and Plato chose Socrates to help others learn that success was measured not by material goods but through good actions based on right motives. Works Cited Baird, Forrest E. and Kaufmann, Walter.From Plato to Derrida. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall. 2008. Print. Brickhouse, doubting Thomas C. and Nicholas D. Smith. Socrates on Trial. Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University Press, 1989. Print. Dictionary. com. n. d. n pag. Web. 22 Nov. 09. May, Hope. On Socrates. Belmont, California Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2000. Print. Reeve, C. D. C. Socrates in the Apology An Essay on Platos Apology of Socrates. Indianapolis, Indiana, 1989. Print.

The Darkness out there Essay Example for Free

The Darkness out there EssayShe beseeches the doctors aid she sees the hopelessness of human service and there is a desperate earnestness in her manner that goes to the young mans heart. The plot builds up by keeping the reader puzzled about the unknown person who needs the doctors help. The doctor cannot understand why he cannot help until the following morning, especially as the woman is in such a overturned state. The doctor explores various thoughts but cannot find a logical explanation. He speculated a great come and to very little purpose on the possible circumstances of the case. The mood of the story is further bootlegen by the images of Walworth, which is the location of the cataclysm. The village is full of poverty, decay and questionable characters. His way lay across a marshy common, through irregular lanes, with here and there a ruinous and dismantled cottage solid falling to pieces with decay and neglect. The generator uses assonance and imagery that empha sises the dreariness and sense of no hope. After pulverization wearily through the MUD and MIRE. A small low building, hotshot story above the purpose with a desolate and unpromising exterior. The sense of mystery is kept up as the doctor is t overage that he is too soon to help the patient rather than too late. Am I in fourth dimension? Too soon replied the man. The surgeon turned hastily round, with a gesture of astonishment mixed with alarm. just then the puzzle is unaw bes solved and the reason for the tragedy becomes clear. The truth flashed suddenly upon him. The tone and footmark of The Darkness Out There is much slower and less intense. The descriptions and conversation are about prevalent things. The setting is much more than modern and the language is casual rather than formal.She would go to this white-haired Mrs Rutters and put on a bit of a giggle with Susie and come home for tea and wash her hair. The writer uses very much of alliteration and assonance t o create a lighthearted mood that reflects the country setting. Polleny summer grass that glinted in the sun. Pattern and petal. This style is used to bring the characters to life as well. She seemed composed of circles, a cottage-loaf of a woman, with a face below which chins collapsed. There are lots of contrasting images as well, because the young female child is panicked of the wood.There are some nasty things as well as pretty colourful flowers, and the dark side of the wood is described to remind the reader about the main theme of the story. The dark derive of the spinney came right to the gate there so that she would have to walk by the edge of it with the light suddenly shutting off the bare wide sky of the field. The chatty conversations move the plot forward, and the young girl finds out things about the old womans past. The writer uses similes to build up an image of the womans dead husband, which the girl sees in a photo.The girl saw a man with a tooth-brush mousta che, his army cap slicing his forehead. Although the old woman seems to be plump and harmless, as the story goes on, a harder side starts to come out. The young son who is helping with the cleaning, starts to pick up on things about her that make him feel uncomfortable. His opinion turns out to be correct, for her darker side is very unpleasant indeed. She and her sister heard the plane crash and they went to investigate. They cheered when they realised it was German plane.The writer starts to build up a mood of fear and tension as they are exploring the crash. The language becomes more harsh and sharp, and reflects the hatred that the old lady felt. Bang there goes some more bastards. Tit for tat. The old woman tells the story without seeming to feel as though she did anything wrong. But the horror of the young son and girl comes across in the description of their reaction. The boys spoon clattered to the floor he did not move. At the wipeout the writer sums up the different kinds of darkness that can exist.She emphasises that things are not always what they seem to be on the surface. This makes sure that the reader fully understands what the story has been about. You could get people all wrong and there was a darkness that was not the darkness of tree shadows. There are some things about the stories that are similar. There is an element of mystery and secrecy in them both which makes the reader want to continue construe and see what happens. The endings are both tragic as well. Both stories are about death, but one of the main characters causes the death, and the other one is the victim of a death.The tone of the stories are very different. The Black shroud is much deeper and disturbing, and the characters are frightened, helpless and in great pain. The mood of The Darkness Out There is kinda colourful and bright, but this actually covers up the evil act of the old woman. The stories are written at different times, and so the Dickens tale uses word s that are formal and outdated. This compares with the chatty, colloquial language which goes on between the characters in the other story. The endings of both tales are very powerful.The reader discovers a dreadful tragedy has occurred. However, the Black Veil ending makes you feel sad as absolutely nothing could be make to save the womans son. In contrast, the jolly old woman turns out to be a murderer, and like the boy and the girl the reader ends up hating her. It makes you want to throw up he said, someone like that. Richard Hiom 01/05/2007 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of lap up is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Joseph Conrad section.

What Can Affect Us Today Essay Example for Free

What toilette Affect Us Today EssayWhen youre walking down the street and see the kids break through and about, what are just about things that you see that give the sack affect their behavior or even their future maybe? The things that go on in todays society have played a study role in how this generation, along with new(prenominal)wises turn out. An individual being raised in a single-parent floor, in an immoral community, or maybe even losing some angiotensin-converting enzyme that meant every(prenominal)thing to them rear affect their lives in ways that hindquarters either send them down the right or wrong road. Also, a persons choices or decision-making skills can affect their life in a major way. Your choices will determine your future was unendingly something I was told as a youth. When reading The Other Wes Moore these problems played a major role in both Weses lives they determined not entirely their future but also their fate.A single-parent home can tru ly affect an individuals life in many ways. Being without a draw in the home is more normal than not having a convey in the home. In the book, the other Wes made a rich comment about how both would mourn over their fathers absence by stating Your father wasnt on that point because he couldnt be, my father wasnt there because he chose not to be. Were going to mourn their absence in different ways (pg.3). When he made this statement he was referring to the fact that author Wes lost his dad to a sudden death, spell the other Wes dad picked not to be in his life. The author used the good memories of his dad, bandage the other Wes looked up to his oldest brother Tony as his father figure. Even though Tony wanted Wes to stay away from the dose granulose and the streets, he turned to what he had seen Tony doing.The writer Wes used his good memories of his dad to make him a stronger and wiser man. He saw how his dad did what he had to do to provide for his family. From personal exper ience I receive how it feels to not have your dad in the home. Your home feels incomplete and all you can do is apprehend that daddy will come home one day. My dad left when I was two because of the problems amongst him and my mom. He was never abusive nor an addict he good left me. I used to turn on myself for him leaving, but he eventually explained everything to me. When you grow up missing a parent in the home it can lead to drug/ alcohol abuse, emotional distress, suicide, and other harmful things and thats what happened with the other Wes Moore.A persons community can also determine their lives. If an individual lives in an immoral or ruthless community, they are subjected to immoral and ruthless actions. One may think a community is just a place where one resides but it is much bigger than that, its a sulphur family. It was tell that The basketball court is a strange patch of neutral ground, a meeting place for every element of a neighborhood cohort of young menWe were all enclosed by the similar consider, bumping into one another, fighting, celebrating. Showing one another our best and worst, revealing ourselveseven our cruelty and crimesas if that fence had created a circle of trust. A brotherhood (pg.45). The streets can teach one various life skills that a parent cannot, especially in a rough neighborhood in the heart of Maryland.The author Wes and his family move into his grandparents home and the same rules that applied to his mother applied to him. My grandparents figured if these rules had helped their children successfully navigate the world, they would work on their grandkids too (pg.42) states the author Wes as he discussed how he had to be in before the street unhorse would come on. His family was sterner on him and his sister because they wanted what was best for them. They lived in the nicest community and went to the nicest white school for the apprehension that their mom wants her kids to stay away from all the trouble and h ow bad Harlem had changed since she left.Not saying the other Wes mother didnt want what was best, but she wasnt always around to enforce the rules. Tony was the head man and whatsoever Tony did Wes did. Wes looked up to his big brother and when Tony found out about Wes being in the drug game it really frustrated him because he did all he could to keep Wes away from it, yet his community only drew him in. He lived in a community were the drug dealers ran the streets, the citizens were afraid of the crack heads, and were the poverty was higher(prenominal) due to lack of education without an education, there is no chance in someone finding a job.Finally, the choices one make will determine whether your life sinks or floats. Everyone makes mistakes in life but as Wes says sometimes its hard to distinguish between second chances and last chances (ch.4 intro). My family has always told me that everyone deserves a second chance, no matter right or wrong and I find this to be true. An ind ividual can be sweet as honey and go out a mess up one time and thats their life gone forever. I personally feel as though some choices or decision can be made off of the throng someone is following, and following the convocation will have your future either ideal or torment. By the other Wes following the crowd and doing what he saw others do his life will be spent behind bars for murder, while the author Wes will be spending his life doing something he loves and that is writing.

The Madding Crowd Essay Example for Free

The Madding Crowd EssayViews on women and how the use of vocabulary is utilise to distinguish among the different classes. When playing Liddy, I identified with Bathsheba and Fanny as I had been apply in the scathe in the past because of women exploitation. The concur is completely based on Bathsheba a woman and at that condemnation there was a queen on the throne so perhaps the rule book is as well masking the era of Queen Victoria. I used this knowledge to develop my vocabulary to adapt to the way they round in those times. This showed the period of time the book was written in.Moral issues arose and showed how men dominated woman in those times as Bathsheba was an independent woman at the beginning of the book but after troy weight abused her she lost her confidence and identifies. She had been de-valued. How does your monstrance include references to The writers style, structure and characterization? The writers use of language? My presentation structure was bas ed on a scene that did not appear in the book. Bathsheba, Fanny and Liddy had get down together and discussed the way in which men dominated women.Because our bureau play was based on trio main constant characters, it was easy to know about their backgrounds and personalities as I had already researched them. The book also gave some important information. The vocabulary used was based on the vocabulary in the book and we showed this in our presentation by using some of the textual matter as references. We used a piece of text from the book for Bathsheba to say His voice was unexpectedly attractive it was the low and dulcet note suggestive of grind common in descriptions, rare in experience.We used this for Bathsheba to describe Troy as she said this in the book and we thought it would be more effective if we used the exact text. We also showed how women were exploited in those days by talking of our past and present experiences as our characters revealed their experience of exp loitation. This identified with the time of the book when women were being exploited. In what way do you feel your presentation was successful? I think my presentation was quite successful as we based the speech and vocabulary on the text in the book which gave the audience an idea of the time it was written and also made them remember the book.The presentation was based on a script, which helped speech flow easily and make sense. The script also meant if we got lost we could locate our ego on the script and carry on or improvise. We did improvise some speech meaning our precaution was not always on our script as this would have been quite dull. Movement was also used to make our role play more interesting and effective for the audience to watch. Overall, I think our role play was quite effective in bringing to light woman exploitation as we used the characters past experiences so some of the audience could identify and relate to the book also.

Communications Plan Essay Example for Free

Communications Plan EssayThe Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and TSA awarded a $37m break for expansion projects at capital of Colorado world-wide denudedrome. These funds atomic number 18 being employ for the master broadcast projects. Approximately $11.6m allow for go towards rehabilitating runway 8/26, and over $1.7m will be employ to meliorate the taxiway schema surrounding Jeppesen Terminal. close $8.7m will be used to upgrade runway 16L/34R. About $15m from the TSA grant will be spent on improving the aerodromes baggage hidinging disposal. Stakeholder AnalysisTo leaven the role of the drome stakeholders a precise definition of stakeholders and their marks for the lookport is necessary. The purpose of this section is to identify the mienports purposes from the point of view of from each one stakeholder group.1) PassengersFor riders, the aerodrome provides a transition point among the acres and air expatriate modes, or a connection point between two flights. Different sub-types of passengers dupe been identified (Neufville Odoni 2003)1) Arriving passengers2) Originating passengers3) Transfer passengers4) International and domestic passengers5) Charter and low-f atomic number 18 air hose passengers6) Shuttle/commuter passengersThese passenger types are non mutually exclusive rather, an individual passenger may be a member of more(prenominal) than genius subtype of passenger categories. Arriving and originating passengers are comm exclusively referred to as origin and computer address (OD) passengers. Independent of the passenger classifications correspond to the above attri yetes, the passengers may be viewed in two different capacities in the context of this analysis. First, passengers foundation be viewed as participants in the economic system, either as problem travelers or as tourist/ unfilled travelers, purchasing assists from aerodrome service providers and interacting in different ways with topical anes thetic businesses and the local anaesthetic community. Second, passengers toilette be viewed as individual travelers that check expectations about receiving quality services, and passing through the aerodrome system in a convenient manner. These two perspectives have different implications on the goals for the aerodromes and will be inured separately in the following subsections.a) Passengers as Economic ParticipantsPassengers may participate in the economic system in one of several ways 1) As origin leisure/ personalized travelers These are passengers from the local community that use the aerodrome as their departure point for leisure or other personal travel. 2) As origin business travelers These are travelers representing local businesses, using the airdrome as their departure point. 3) As destination leisure/personal travelers These are visitors to the region, for tourism or other personal purposes. 4) As destination business travelers These are business travelers coming to visit local businesses. If the airdromes employment is firmly geared toward OD merchandise, then demand at the drome is more heavily laid by the local economy.In contrast, significant connecting (transfer) passenger levels are less(prenominal) sensitive to the per breedance of the local economy, alone those traffic volumes may represent vulnerability for the airport since they are to a greater degree dictated by a bearers viability and route decisions. Passengers contribute toward the financing of airport capital rise projects through Passenger Facility Charges (PFCs) of up to $4.50 per passenger. PFCs are paid directly by passengers through airline tickets and proceeds must be used for capital improvements at the airport that collected them (Wells Young 2003). The goals for passengers as economic participants relates to the cost of travel Providing memory access to low airfares is a attain objective for the airport in the view of air passengers.b) Passenger as Traveler sWhen considering the passengers as travelers as a stakeholder group, the focus is on the passenger as an individual. The goal of the airport from the individual passenger viewpoint is, moving passengers quickly and conveniently to where they fate to go. This view considers the airport as a transit point from one mode of transportation to another, or as a connection point between two different flights. Ensuring on-time performance was raised as the most important aspect to achieving this objective. 2) Business, Commerce, Tourism, Arts, Sports, and Education Organizations The organizations that in various ways are customers of the airport have been summarized as business, commerce, tourism, arts, sports, and education organizations. Some organizations are direct users of the airport by importing or exportation services (i.e. business travelers) and graves (raw materials or finished honests). Other organizations are indirect customers of the airport as a result of their customers ( e.g. tourists) traveling through the airport. The term organizations is used to encompass both for-profit and not-for-profit organizations.OrganizationsOrganizations whose clients arrive through the airportOrganizations that are direct users of the airportImporters of services and goodsExporters of services and goodsThe airport administers as an engine of business operation for the organizations in the region. The airport drives and supports economic activity in several different ways, including both through business activities directly at the airport and through business activities throughout the regional economy (Button Stough 2000). Underlying goals for maximising this economic activity include maximizing passenger volumes and traffic at the airport as hearty as maximizing the number of destinations assistd and the frequency of those services (Matt Erskine, Greater Washington Board of Trade 2009). As a result of the different types of use of the airport described in the pre vious paragraph, the priority of one goal over another varies between organizations.3) Air CarriersAir aircraft carriers provide the air transportation service from the airports. Air carriers include both passenger and cargo carriers and are classified into troika subcategories (Environmental Protection agency 2000) 1) Large certified carriers These carriers have a certificate to carry 61 passengers or more, payload fair to middling to or greater than 18,000 pounds, or conduct international operations. 2) Small certified carriers These carriers fly aircraft that carry less than 61 passengers, carry less than 18,000 pounds, and do not conduct international operations. 3) Commuter carriers These are air taxis with a published schedule of at least five weekly round trips between at least two airports. Air carriers select airports based on the passenger demand for service to/from the airports (i.e. tax income generation potential) and based on the cost of run at the airport. The a irlines have the objective of achieving steep yields, (Doganis 2002).aerodromes serve the role of providing access to laid-back yield markets. Attractive airports ensure low cost of air carrier operations at the airport. This includes both minimizing direct fees charged to air carriers through the maximization of non-aeronautical revenues (Dallas Dawson, Tampa International aerodrome 2009) and minimizing costs incurred by air carriers through delay on the ground (Peter Stettler, Ricondo and Associates 2009). An airport may serve either as a hub for a carrier, with a high portion of that carriers flights direct to/from the airport, or as a non-hub airport with a lower portion of flights for a given carrier (Belobaba et al. 2009). In either situation, the airport should act as an efficient hub/connection point, contributing to ensuring air carriers on time performance (Pat Oldfield, United Airlines 2009). In addition, it is the expectation of air carriers that airports ensure safet y of operations on the airport surface (Kurt Krummenacker, Moodys 2009).4) General Aviation UsersGeneral aviation encompasses many types of aviation outside the air carrier definition, including (Wells Young 2003).1) Air taxi instruments (except those air taxi operators listed in section IV.A.3)2) Corporate-executive transportation3) flying instruction4) Aircraft rental5) Aerial application6) Aerial observation7) Business8) PleasureSeveral of the goals listed for air carriers also apply to general aviation in terms of on-time performance, low costs, and safety. However, a representative of a business aviation organization defined the primary goal of airports as serving as access point to the national air transportation system by providing good availability and high capabilities in terms of instrumentation and services (Jeff Gilley, National Business Aviation Association 2009). 5) aerodrome OrganizationThe airport organizational twist varies (Neufville Odoni 2003) and can be com prised of an individual airport such as Dallas Fort worth(predicate) Airport (DFW) (DFW Airport 2009) or as a group of airports managed by the same organization, such as the metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (MWAA) (Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority 2009). The airport organization is overseen by a mount appointed by local giving medications. In larger airports or systems of airports, a common feature is that the organization includes a separation of operating units which carry out on-going management of airport operations, and they are separate from faculty units which have responsibility for (among several other areas) root development (Neufville Odoni 2003). The airport itself pays for some capital infrastructure projects.Airport operating revenues come from sources such as tearing fees, oddment leases and proceeds from concessions sales. This revenue is used to pay for the airports operating expense, but any surplus can be used to contribute toward capit al improvements. A set of goals for the airport organization can be derived from studying airports strategical protrudes and objectives and from interviewing airport management experts. The primary objective (sometimes referred to as the mission) of the airport is to provide access to high quality air services to its region. Other goals, such as ensuring strong financial performance and high operational efficiency, are considered as means to an end in that they enable the airport to achieve this overarching goal (DFW Airport 2008 Hillsborough County Aviation Authority 2006). A summary view of the airports goals is presented using the structure of Denver International Airports strategic plan (Denver International Airport 2009)1) Excel in airport management This goal includesa) Achieve high security and safety (City of Cleveland, section of interface economise 2007 Denver International Airport 2009 Hillsborough County Aviation Authority 2006) b) Grow revenue and manage costs (Ci ty of Cleveland, Department of appearance check up on 2007 Denver International Airport 2009 DFW Airport 2008 Hillsborough County Aviation Authority 2006) c) Drive economic growth (Denver International Airport 2009) d) Grow passenger numbers (City of Cleveland, Department of Port Control 2007 Denver International Airport 2009) e) Provide access to a high number of destinations and a high frequency of service (Denver International Airport 2009).This goal relates immediately to the primary objective of the airport described above. Airport management must also achieve a balance where sufficient infrastructure dexterity exists for manipulation traffic time capacity is at the same time not over-built (Paul McKnight, Jacobs Consultancy 2009 Frank Berardino, GRA Inc 2009). Additionally, a key objective for airports is to maximize non-aeronautical revenues since that provides diversified revenues and allows for keeping usage charges to air carriers low, thereby potentially attracting m ore traffic (Chellie Cameron, MWAA 2009 Peter Stettler, Ricondo and Associates 2009 Seth Lehman and Emma Walker, foulmart Ratings 2009).2) Provide high levels of customer service This goal includes ensuring a good experience for both passengers and other customers (City of Cleveland, Department of Port Control 2007 Denver International Airport 2009 DFW Airport 2008 Hillsborough County Aviation Authority 2006). 3) Develop environmentally sustainable practices and minimize noise This goal includes minimizing emissions, energy consumption, etc., within the airport (Denver International Airport 2009 City of Cleveland, Department of Port Control 2007). Some airports, such as Sea-Tac, are also beginning to expand their focus by considering greenhouse gas emissions not only from the airport-controlled operations but also from airlines and other tenants as well as the public (Port of Seattle, Sea-Tac Airport 2007). cerebrate to this is the goal of minimizing airport-related noise (Neufvi lle Odonin2003).4) Develop high-performing employee teams This goal relates to developing effective and skilled employees (City of Cleveland, Department of Port Control 2007 Denver International Airport 2009) and maximizing employee engagement (DFW Airport 2008). 5) Enhance competitive advantage This goal includes providing competitive user rank and protecting the airports physical infrastructure (Denver International Airport 2009 City of Cleveland, Department of Port Control 2007).Some of these goals may be in competition with each other. For instance, the goal of maximizing non-aeronautical revenue can conflict with the goal of developing environmentally sustainability and providing a good experience for passengers The latter two goals would be aided by promoting and developing access to public transportation access modes to the airport such as bus or rail. However, the goal of maximizing non-aeronautical revenue is ruin served by maximizing revenue-generation in the form of pa rking revenue from insular vehicles. In such instances, airport management must balance the competing priorities in order to accomplish the goals of the airport. 6) Investors and Bond-HoldersThe majority of airport debt is of the general airport revenue bond (GARB) type. GARB means that the bond is backed by revenues generated from airport operations and not backed by any government funding source. The credit ratings agencies Moodys, Standard and Poors, and Fitch Ratings participate in this system by assigning grades of investment quality to the airports bonds. The ratings agencies ratings affect the interest rates and terms of the bonds (Wells Young 2003). A large number of factors relate the bond ratings, including1) Historical and projected universe of discourse growth2) Historical and projected employment expansion and mix3) Passenger growth4) Airport custom trends5) Portion of origin and destination (OD) traffic6) The importance of the facility to the overall US system of airports7) Whether the airport is in a favorable geographic location (e.g. is it a natural hub location?)8) Airfield capacity and attractiveness of facilities9) Debt burden and carrying costs10) Financial strength of carriers with a lot of connecting traffic, and their level of commitment to the airport11) The role of the airport in the dominant carriers network12) The level of legal flexibility for the airport to change the rates it charges air carriers7) ConcessionairesAirport concessionaires operate passenger services in terminal buildings and may include food and beverage services, retail services, and hotels. Concessions operators pay the airport organization a fix annual fee and/or a persona of gross revenues (Wells Young 2003). Considering the concessions operators objective of maximizing profits, the goals of the airport for these operators are deduced to be maximizing passenger volumes and minimizing the fees paid to the airport organization.8) Service ProvidersThe serv ice providers are private operators that offer services to air carriers and general aviation users. Independent operators may supply these services (e.g. fixed-base operators, FBOs), but some of the services may also be provided by the airport operator, the airline itself, or by another airline. Services provided include (Neufville Odoni 2003)1) Supply of aviation fuel and oil2) Baggage handling and sorting3) Loading and unloading of aircraft4) Interior cleaning of aircraft5) Toilet and water service6) Passenger transport to/from remote control stands7) Catering transport8) Routine inspection and maintenance of aircraft at the stands 9) Aircraft starting, marshalling, and parking10) Aircraft de-icing11) Passenger handling (e.g. ticketing and check-in)12) onus and mail handling13) Information services14) Preparation of handling and load-control documents15) Supervisory or administrative duties connatural to concessionaires, independent service providers pay a fee to the airport or ganization which is typically a percentage of gross revenues (Neufville Odoni 2003). In a parallel to concessionaires, service provider goals for the airport would include maximizing traffic volumes and minimizing the fees paid to the airport organization.9) EmployeesThe employee category includes both direct employees of the airports organization as well as employees of companies operating at the airport, such as concessions operators. Some employees are organized into unions, such as the Service Employees International Union (SEIU USW West 2009) and Unite Here (Unite Here 2009). The objective of the airport from the perspective of those unions is to provide arrest jobs, wages, and benefits (Unite Here 2009).10) Federal GovernmentThe federal government participates in the airport system in three different roles As a bill- remunerator, as an operator, and as a regulator. Each of these roles will be turn to in this section. In terms of the governments role as a bill payer for the system, the Airports Improvement Program (AIP) is administered by the FAA and its funding comes from the Airport and Airway Trust Fund, which in turn is funded by user fees and fuel taxes. AIP funds can be applied toward projects that support aircraft operations including runways, taxiways, aprons, noise abatement, land purchase, and safety, emergency or snow removal equipment. In order to be eligible for AIP funding, airports must be part of the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS), which imposes requirements on the airport for legal and financial compliance (Wells Young 2003). The NPIAS has two goals To ensure that airports are able to accommodate the growth in travel and to keep airports up to standards for the aircraft that use them (FAA 2008).The governments role as airport operators includes three different agencies 1) FAA The FAA is the operator of ramp, ground, local, and departure/arrival air traffic control services (United States Code of Federal Regulation s 2010). 2) deportee auspices Administration (TSA) The TSA provides passenger and baggage security screening services. The TSA give ins that it is the goal for its baggage screening operations to screen for explosives and other dangerous items while maximizing efficiency (Transportation credentials Administration 2009). This can be translated to state that it is the goal for the airport to ensure secure transportation of people and goods while minimizing the refer of security measurements on legitimate travelers and goods.3) Customs and Border Protection (CBP) The CBP is prudent for operating passport control and customs inspections at international airports. The CBP states that it is its mission to protect our nations borders from terrorism, human and drug smuggling, illegal migration, and agricultural pests while simultaneously facilitating the flow of legitimate travel and trade (Customs and Border Protection 2009). Just as for the TSA, this can be translated to state that it is the goal for the airport to ensure secure transportation of people and goods while minimizing the impact of security measures on legitimate travelers and goods. Lastly, the federal government is a regulator of the airports system. Airports that are included in the NPIAS are subject to a number of federal regulations that are enforced by the FAA and the Transportation Security Administration. The regulations apply to both the airport infrastructure as well as to service providers within the airport systems. The purpose of these rules is to ensure the safe and efficient operations of public-use airports (Wells Young 2003).11) Local GovernmentUS airports are with few exceptions not private, profitmaking enterprises. Instead, airports are typically owned and operated by public entities such as cities, counties, or local airport authorities (Neufville Odoni 2003). For instance, Washingtons Dulles and National airports are owned and operated by the Metropolitan Washington Airport s Authority (MWAA). The MWAA is officially a body independent of the local government but its board is appointed by the Governor of Virginia, the Mayor of the District of Columbia, the Governor of medico and the President of the United States). Similarly, Newark, LaGuardia, JFK, Stewart International, and Teterboro airports in metropolitan New York City are owned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey 2009). Dallas-Fort price Airport is jointly owned by the City of Dallas and the City of Forth Worth (DFW Airport 2009).The government owners in the form of city and local governments are represented by an airport board which is responsible for the strategic direction of the airport and for appointing airport management (Wells Young 2003). The local government is supported in an advisory role by federally funded Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) who are charged with assisting in formulation for aviation and other trans portation infrastructure for the local region (Association of Metropolitan Planning Organizations 2010). State and local government also contribute as bill-payers for capital improvement projects (Airports Council International North America 2009). The objectives of the airport from the point of view of the local government is representative of those of the local community it represents and involves both maximizing its peremptory effects while minimizing its negative effects. One form of positive impact of the airport is in the hurl of economic effects.There is significant literature on the economic impact of airports. However, many studies are sponsored by the airports authorities themselves, making them more political than analytical. Although there may be no definitive measure of the economic impact of airports, a structure for the types of impacts of airports to their regional communities has proposed (Button Stough 2000) 1) Short-term impact from construction, expansion, an d renovation of airports 2) Sustained impact in the form of jobs at the airport (direct impact) and off-airport jobs that result from the multiplier effect of the income generated by employees at the airport 3) Stimulus of the local economy as a result of firms and individuals having air transportation services at their disposal 4) Spurring other economic development by crossing thresholds for economies of scale, scope, and density. The authors note that this last form of impact is very difficult to quantify.COMMUNICATION PLANCommunication ObjectivesThe objective of this strategic communications plan is to serve as a road map for how communications will be done between members of the project team as well as the stakeholders.. This plan comprises objectives, strategies and tactics for how team correspondence will be performed between each facet of the project team..Works CitedKurt Krummenacker, Moodys, 2009. Interview of Kurt Krummenacker, Moodys, by David Schaar, George Mason Univer sity.Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, 2009. Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, Facts. gettable at http//www.mwaa.com/about_the_authority/facts Accessed October 15, 2012.Neufville, R.D. Odoni, A.R., 2003. Airport systems, McGraw-Hill Professional.Port of Seattle, Sea-Tac Airport, 2007. Port of Seattle,Seattle-Tacoma International Airport,Greenhouse gas pedal Emissions Inventory 2006,Sarkis, J., 2000. An analysis of the operational efficiency of major airports in the United States. Journal of Operations Management, 18(3), 335-351.Sarkis, J. Talluri, S., 2004. doing based clustering for benchmarking of US airports. Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice, 38(5), 329-346.Schap, D., 1986. Municipal ownership in the electric utility industry, Praeger.SEIU USW West, 2009. SEIU USW West About Us. Available at http//www.seiu-usww.org/about/Default.aspx Accessed October 16, 2012.Smith, D.M., 1979. Where the grass is greener, Taylor Francis.The Port Auth ority of New York and New Jersey, 2009. Overview of Facilities and Services About the Port Authority. Available at http//www.panynj.gov/about/facilities-services.html Accessed October 18, 2012.Transportation Security Administration, 2009. Transportation Security Administration What We Do. Available at http//www.tsa.gov/what_we_do/index.shtm Accessed October 16, 2012.Unite Here, 2009. Unite Here. Available at http//www.unitehere.org/about/airports.php Accessed October 16, 2012.United States Code of Federal Regulations, 2010. Title 14,Part 91. Available at Accessed February 5, 2010.Upham, P.J., 2003. Towards sustainable aviation,Earthscan.US-Citizens Aviation Watch, 2009. US-Citizens AviationWatch. Available at http//www.us-caw.org/ Accessed October 16, 2012.Wells, A.T. Young, S.B., 2003. Airport planning management, McGraw-Hill Professional.White, E.T., 1976. Utilities, Dept. of Defense, National Defense University, Industrial College of the Armed Forces. Wolfe, H.P. NewMyer, D.A ., 1985. Aviation industry regulation, SIU Press.